鲁教版八年级下册英语知识点

Unit 1 Have you ever been to an amusement park?
一．.重点难点释义
1. Me neither=Neither have I . 我也没去过。 （1）英语中表示后者与前者情形相同，“也不„„”时， 常用neither引起的倒装句 Neither+助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语。
eg:--I'm not tall. Neither is she. =She's not tall, either. 我个子不高，她个子也不高。 --They can't cook. Neither can we. =We can't cook, either. 他们不会做饭，我们也不会。 （2）如果表示后者与前者情形相同，“也„„”常用so引起的倒装句， so+助动词/系动词be/情态动词+主语。
eg:--My friends are happy. So am I.=I'm happy, too./I'm also happy. --They will leave by air. So will you. =You will also leave by air. 2 hear, hear of, hear from
*hear 为动词，有听见和听说之意。作“听见”解，只强调结果。作为：“听说”解，其后一般跟从句。 **hear of 听说，听到，其后跟名词或从句。
--My grandma can't hear very well. --I hear that they miss us very much. --I heard him singing in the next room. --Have you ever heard of Edison? 3. be famous for ,be famous as与be famous to
**be famous for 因为„„而出名/，for后接表示特点、特长的名词，表示人或物闻名的原因 --The village is famous for its green tea．
**be famous as 以„„身份出名，as后一般接表示职业的名词。 --HanHong is famous as a pop singer.韩红以流行歌曲而闻名。
**be famous to 对某人来说是的，to后常接人。--The pop singer is famous to the young people. 4 different 不同的。 其名词是 difference。 be different from …与。。。不同 :--My ideas is different from yours.我的观点与你的不一样。 5.around作为介词，“ 在„„周围，到处，大约
eg:--I traveled around the world.我周游了世界。 -It's around/about ten o'clock.大约有10点了。 5.mean 表示“意味着”用来表示人的言论或行为，某一标志或词语的意思所指。 eg:--What do you mean? 你的话是什么意思。
-What does this word mean? =What's the meaning of this word?这个词是什么意思？ 6. have problems (in) doing “ 做谋事很费劲”。in在句中可省略，后面接动词+ing形式。
problem是可数名词，在句型中作“困难、麻烦”解，这里problems还可以用difficulty或trouble代替，但这两个词在句型中作不可数名词用。eg:--We had some problems getting to the top of mountain. 7. seem “好像、似乎”，其后加形容次。 eg:--He seems unhappy today.他今天好像不高兴。 1）seem to do something.
eg:--He seems to be happy. 他好像很高兴 --My mother seemed to know that. 我妈妈好像知道那件事。 4） It seem that +
eg:--It seems that he is happy.=He seems (to be) happy 他好像很快乐
8. have been a/an+n. 成为一个„„ Jim has been a soldier for 3 years. 9. all the time始终，一直。例如：
She is later for work all the time no matter where she works. 10. take different routes走不同的路线 route n.路；路线。例如：
We came by a longer route than usual.我们走了一条比通常要长的路来的。 11.has been to„表示“去过某地”，可以和once, twice, never, ever等词连用。 ——Where have you been? 你去哪里了？ ——I have been to the library.
12. have/ has gone to„ “去了某地”，指说话时某人已离开此地，在去某地的路上或已到达某 地，因此这个句型通常用第三人称作主语，不能与once, twice never等连用。 —Where is Jim?—He has gone to the library. （去图书馆了）
13. awake: adj. 醒着的；wake: v. 醒，叫醒„„ wake up
14. whenever 无论何时 Whenever we see him, we speak to him. 15. almost: 几乎，差不多 Almost all of us have seen the film 16. temperature 温度 take one’s temperature 量体温 17. dark “黄昏，黑暗”，是名词，也可用作形容词。 It’s getting darker and darker. dark 也可指“深色的”。 dark blue/ green 18. population：名词“人口” W hat’s the population of China? The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
19. a quarter “一刻钟，1/4”， three quarters 3/4， 相当于three fourths.
△分数的表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，若分子大于1时，分母的序数词要用复数形式。 例如：1/3： one third, 或a third 2/5： two fifths 6/7： six sevenths 1/2：one half或a half 注意：“某整体的几分之几”作主语时，谓语动词应与分数所修饰的名词一致。例如：
1）Three fourths of the water is by me. 3）One half of the students are on the playground. 20. around the world 遍及全世界”， 相当于all over the world或者across the world. 21. more than表示“超过，多于”，相当于over
22. *It’s fun to do sth. fun为不可数名词，表示“乐事，有趣的事”。It’s fun to fly kites here 二．短语
1. 太空博物院 space museum 2. 游乐场 amusement park 3. 水上乐园 water park 6. 呆在某个地方 have been in 7. 既不 也不；两者都不 neither „ nor „
9. 迪斯尼人物 Disney character 10. 主题公园 a theme park
11. 当然 of course 12. 过山车 a roller coaster 13. 以┉„为主题 be themed by 14. 四处走动 walk around 16. 迪斯尼巡游 Disney Cruise 17. 兜风 take a ride
18. 在船上 on board 21. 空中乘务员 a flight attendant 22. 导游 a tour guide 23. 象„„这样的 such as 24. 考虑 think about 25. 胜于，而不是 rather than 26. 在东南亚 in Southeast Asia 27. 度假 take a holiday 28. 在一方面 on the one hand 29. 在另一方面 on the other hand 33. 做某事有困难 have some problem （in） doing38. 全年 all year round 34. 不管 还是； whether or 35. 夜狩 night safari
36. 在白天 during the daytime 37. 在更自然的环境里 in a more natural environment 39. 靠近 be close to
Unit 2
一、知识点
1.Check in : 在旅馆的登记入住。 Check out: 在旅馆结账离开。 2.By: ①通过„..方式（途径）。例：I learn English by listening to tapes.
②在„..旁边。例：by the window/the door ③乘坐交通工具 例：by bus/car
④在„„之前，到„„为止。例：by October在10月前 ⑤被 例：English is spoken by many people. 3.how与what的区别：
how通常对方式或程度提问，：怎么样 如何， what通常对动作的发出者或接受者提问 ： 什么， ② How is your summer holiday? It’s OK.
②How did you travel around the world? I travel by air. ③ What do you learn at school? I learn English, math and many other subjects. ④ What„think of„? How„like„? ③ What„like about„? How„like„? ④ What’s the weather like today? How’s the weather today? ⑤ What to do? How to do it?
e.g. What do you think of this book?=How do you like this book? What do you like about China?=How do you like China?
I don’t know what to do next step?=I don’t know how to do it next step? ㊣ What good / bad weather it is today!=how good the wearher is ㊣ What a fine / bad day it is today!=how fine the day is 4. aloud, loud与loudly的用法 : 三个词都与"大声"或"响亮"有关。 ①aloud是副词,重点在出声能让人听见,但声音不一定很大,
常用在读书或说话上。通常放在动词之后。aloud没有比较级形式。 如: He read the story aloud to his son.他朗读那篇故事给他儿子听。 ②loud可作形容词或副词。用作副词时,常与speak, talk, laugh等动词连用,多用于比较级,须放在动词之后。如:
She told us to speak a little louder. 她让我们说大声一点。 ③loudly是副词,与loud同义,有时两者可替换使用,但往往
含有令人讨厌或打扰别人的意思,可位于动词之前或之后。如: He does not talk loudly or laugh loudly in public. 他不当众大声谈笑。
5. voice 指人的嗓音 也指鸟鸣。 Sound 指人可以听到的各种声音。noise 指噪音、吵闹声 6. find + 宾语 + 宾补（名词 形容词 介词短语 分词等）
例：I find him friendly. I found him working in the garden.
We found him in bed. He found the window closed. We found her honest. 7. 常见的系动词有： ①是：am 、is、 are ②保持：keep、 stay
③ 转变：become、 get、 turn ④起来 feel、 look、 ell、 taste、 sound 这些词后面接形容词 9. 动词不定式做定语 ①与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系
The next train to arrive was from New York. He is always the first to come.
②与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系I have nothing to say. I need a pen to write with. I need some paper to write on. I don’t have a room to live in. 10. practice , fun 做名词为不可数名词 11. add 补充说 又说
12. join 加入某团体 并成为其中一员 attend 出席参加会议或讲座 join in与take part in指参加到某项活动中去。 13.all、 both、 always以及every复合词与not连用构成部分否定。其完全否定为：all---none, both---neither, everything---nothing, everybody---nobody.
14. be afraid of doing sth. / sth .害怕 be afraid of being alone
be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事 be afraid that 恐怕担心，表示委婉语气 15.either：①放在否定句末表示“也” ②两者中的“任一” ③either„or„或者„或者.„引导主语部分， 谓语动词按照就近原则 17.a,an 与序数词连用表示“又一”，“再一”。 例：Please give me a second apple. There comes a fifth girl. 18.have trouble/difficult/problem (in) doing„.. 干„..遇到麻烦，困难
19.unless 除非，如果不，等于“if not”本身就表示否定，引导条件状语从句，主句为将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。 例：My baby sister doesn’t cry unless she’s hungry. =My baby sister doesn’t cry if she isn’t hungry.
Unless you take more care, you’ll have an accident .如果你不多加小心的话，你会出事的。 20.instead: adv. 代替，更换。 例：We have no coffee, would you like tea instead？
It will take days by car, so let’s fly instead. Tom was ill, so I went instead.汤姆病了，所以换了我去。 instead of doing sth. 作为某人或某事物的替换
例：Let’s play cards instead of watching TV. We sometimes eat rice instead of potatoes. 21.spoken 口头的，口语的。spoken English 口头英语 speaking 讲话的，说某种语言的。Speaking skills讲英语的能力 22. 提建议的句子：
①What/ how about +doing sth.? 如：What/ How about going shopping? ②Why don’t you + do sth.? 如：Why don’t you go shopping? ③ Why not + do sth. ? 如：Why not go shopping? ④ Let’s + do sth. 如： Let’s go shopping ⑤Shall we/ I + do sth.? 如：Shall we/ I go shopping? 23. a lot 许多 常用于句末 如：I eat a lot. 我吃了许多。
24. too„to 太„而不能 常用的句型 too+adj./adv. + to do sth. 如：I’m too tired to say anything. 25. not „at all 一点也不 根本不 如：
I like milk very much. I don’t like coffee at all. not经常可以和助动词结合在一起，at all 则放在句尾 26.be / get excited about sth.=== be / get excited about doing sth. === be excited to do sth. 对„感兴奋 如： I am / get excited about going to Beijing.=== I am excited to go to Beijing. 我对去北京感到兴奋。 27. ① end up doing sth 终止做某事，结束做某事 如：The party ended up singing. 晚会以唱歌而结束。 ② end up with sth. 以„结束 如： The party ended up with her singing. 晚会以她的歌唱而告终。 28. first of all 首先 to begin with 一开始 later on 后来、随
29. also 也、而且（用于肯定句）常在句子的中间 either 也（用于否定句）常在句末 too =as well 也 (用于肯定句) 常在句末
30. make mistakes = make a mistake 犯错 mistake . for „把„„错认为„„ make mistakes (in) doing sth. 在干某事方面出错 mistake---mistook----mistaken 31. laugh at . 笑话；取笑（某人） 如：Don’t laugh at me!不要取笑我! 32. take notes 做笔记，做记录
33. enjoy doing sth . 喜欢做„乐意做„ 如： She enjoys playing football. 她喜欢踢足球。 enjoy oneself 过得愉快 如：He enjoyed himself. 他过得愉快。 34. native speaker 说本族语的人
35. one of +(the+ 形容词比较级)+名词复数形式 „其中之一 如： She is one of the most popular teachers. 她是欢迎的教师之一。
36. It’s +形容词+(for . ) to do sth. (对于某人来说)做某事„It’s difficult (for me ) to study English 37. practice doing 练习做某事 如： She often practice speaking English. 她经常练习说英语。
38. decide to do sth. 决定做某事 如： LiLei has decided to go to BeiJing .
39. deal with 处理 如：I dealt with a lot of problem.
40. worry about ./ sth. 担心某人/ 某事 如：Mother worried about his son just now. 41. be angry with . 对某人生气 如： I was angry with her. 我对她生气。 42. perhaps === maybe 也许
43. go by (时间) 过去 如： Two years went by. 两年过去了。 44. see . / sth. doing 看见某人正在做某事 强调正在发生 see . / sth. do 看见某人在做某事 如：
如： She saw him drawing a picture in the classroom.她看见他正在教室里画画。 45. each other 彼此
46. regard„ as „ 把„看作为„. 如：The boys regarded Anna as a fool. 47. too many 许多 修饰可数名词 如：too many girls
too much 许多 修饰不可数名词 如：too much milk
much too 太 修饰形容词 如：much too beautiful
48. change„into „将„变为„ The magician changed the pen into a book. 49. with the help of . == with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 如：with the help of LiLei == with LiLei’s help 在李雷的帮助下
50. compare „ to „ 把„与„相比 Compare you to Anna, you are lucky. 二、短语：
1.by making flashcards 通过做单词抽认卡 2. ask„for help 向某人求助 3.read aloud 朗读 4.that way (=in that way) 通过那种方式 5.improve my speaking skills 提高我的会话技巧 6.for example (=for instance) 例如 7.have fun 玩得高兴 8.have conversations with friends 与朋友对话 9.get excited 高兴，激动 10.end up speaking in Chinese 以说汉语结束对话 11.do a survey about„ 做有关„的调查 12.keep an English notebook 记英语笔记 13.spoken English (= oral English) 英语口语 14.make mistakes 犯错误
15.get the pronunciation right 使发音准确 16.practise speaking English 练习说英语 17.first of all 首先 18.begin with 以„开始 19.later on 随后 20.in class 在课堂上 21.laught at 嘲笑 22.take notes 记笔记
23.enjoy doing 喜欢干„ 24.write down 写下，记下 25.look up (v + adv) 查找，查询 27.make up 编造，虚构，化妆，打扮 28.around the world 全世界 29.deal with 对待，处理，解决
30.worry about (be worried about) 担心，担忧
31.be angry with 生某人的气 32.stay angry 生气 35.complain about/of 抱怨
36. change„into„ 把„变成„ （= turn into） 39.think of (think about) 想起，想到
40.physical problems 身体上的问题 41.break off 中断，突然终止